You can use sudo to edit files as the root user. To run ls as user john, you would use: sudo -u john ls 4. You can use sudo to run a command as a different user using the -u option followed by the username. This will prompt you for your password, not the root password. You can switch to the root user using sudo su. To run the ls command as root, you would use: sudo ls 2. The basic usage of sudo is to run a command as the root user. Here are some ways to use the sudo command: 1. After authentication, the system will execute the command with superuser privileges. If they do, they might be prompted to enter their password (depending on the system settings). When you type sudo before a command, the system checks a special file called the sudoers file to see if the user has permission to run the command as a superuser. This can be useful for system audits and to identify how certain changes were made. It serves as a gatekeeper, allowing authorized users to execute sensitive operations or modify system settings while logging all commands and their respective outcomes. So, to protect the system, most Linux distributions restrict direct access to the superuser account. However, running commands as a superuser can potentially be risky as it could inadvertently lead to system-wide changes or data loss if a command is misused or a mistake is made. The superuser, also known as the root user in Linux, has the highest level of access to the system, being able to read, write, and modify any file. This can be particularly useful when certain operations require higher-level permissions than those granted to standard user accounts. It’s a powerful command that allows users to run programs or other commands with the security privileges of another user, typically the “superuser”. The sudo command in Linux stands for “SuperUser DO”.
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